This episode is about machinery, not politics. Four methods, and what each one would cost Uganda to copy: the Kigali Master Plan 2050 and the one sentence Uganda’s plans are missing; $76m on dual carriageways and $40m to move factories out of the wetlands; the 2008 plastic bag ban Rwanda enforced against the three Uganda announced; and Umuganda, the last Saturday of every month.
What Rwanda Enforces That Uganda Only Announces
On the IMF’s 2026 figures, Uganda’s GDP per capita is $1,476 and Rwanda’s is $1,198. So why does Kigali collect its rubbish, run scheduled buses and enforce a zoning map, while Kampala has 10% sewer coverage?

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